4Com ANTHEMS (I) |
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I ICELAND Iceland (Icelandic, Ísland), island republic, in the North Atlantic Ocean, about 300 km (about 185 mi) east of Greenland and about 1000 km (about 620 mi) west of Norway. The country's extreme dimensions are about 305 km (about 190 mi) from north to south and about 485 km (about 300 mi) from east to west. Iceland has an area of 103,000 sq km (39,769 sq mi).  INDIA India, officially Republic of India (Hindi Bharat), country in southern Asia and member of the Commonwealth of Nations, situated in the subcontinent of India and comprising, with Pakistan and Bangladesh, the 17 territories formerly included in British India and the native states of India . India consists geographically of the entire Indian Peninsula and portions of the Asian mainland. It is bounded on the north by Afghanistan, China, Nepal, and Bhutan; on the east by Bangladesh, Myanmar (formerly known as Burma), and the Bay of Bengal; on the south by Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar (which separate it from Sri Lanka) and the Indian Ocean; and on the west by the Arabian Sea and Pakistan. Including the portion of Jammu and Kashmėr administered by India but disputed by Pakistan, India has an area of 3,165,596 sq km (1,222,243 sq mi). The capital of India is New Delhi, and the country's largest city is Mumbai (formerly known as Bombay).  INDONESIA Indonesia, Republic of, island republic of Southeast Asia, constituting most of the Malay Archipelago. Indonesia is the world's fourth most populous country after China, India, and the United States. More than half the people live on Java, where Jakarta, Indonesia's capital and largest city, is located. Although the islands are home to more than 100 ethnic groups, most Indonesians are of mixed Malay origins and practice Islam. Several of Indonesia's islands hosted powerful trading kingdoms between the 5th and 16th centuries AD. The Dutch took control of the islands in the early 1600s and for three centuries profited from Indonesia's economy, largely at the expense of the local population. Dutch authority over the islands peaked in the early 20th century before growing Indonesian nationalism led to an armed struggle and the declaration of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945.  IRAN Iran, officially Islamic Republic of Iran, republic in southwestern Asia. Iran is bordered on the north by Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, and the Caspian Sea; on the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan; on the south by the Gulf of Oman, the Strait of Hormuz, and the Persian Gulf; and on the west by Iraq and Turkey. The area of Iran is about 1,648,000 sq km (about 636,000 sq mi). Until the 1930s Iran was known abroad as Persia. The capital and largest city is Tehran (Teheran).  IRAQ Iraq, also Irak, republic in Southwest Asia, bounded on the north by Turkey; on the east by Iran; on the south by Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and the Persian Gulf; and on the west by Jordan and Syria. Iraq has an area of 434,924 sq km (167,925 sq mi). Some of the world's greatest ancient civilizations were developed in the area that makes up modern Iraq. Baghdad is the country's capital and largest city.  IRELAND Ireland, island, British Isles, the westernmost and second largest of the group, in the North Atlantic Ocean, and separated from Great Britain by St. George's Channel on the southeast, the Irish Sea on the east, and the North Channel on the northeast. Politically, the island is divided into Northern Ireland, a constituent part of Great Britain, and the Republic of Ireland, formerly Eire. The island is divided into four historical provinces-Connaught (Connacht), Leinster, Munster, and Ulster-and administrative units called counties. The Republic of Ireland consists of Connaught, Leinster, and Munster provinces, totaling 23 counties, and in the north, 3 counties of Ulster Province. Northern Ireland consists of 26 districts, the remainder of Ulster Province. The area of the island is 84,431 sq km (32,599 sq mi) (Republic of Ireland, 70,283 sq km/27,136 sq mi; Northern Ireland, 14,148 sq km/5463 sq mi). The population of the island (1981) is 4,925,364, including the Republic of Ireland (3,443,405).  ITALY Italy (Italian Italia), republic in southern Europe, bounded on the north by Switzerland and Austria; on the east by Slovenia and the Adriatic Sea; on the south by the Ionian Sea and the Mediterranean Sea; on the west by the Tyrrhenian Sea, the Ligurian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea; and on the northwest by France. It comprises, in addition to the Italian mainland, the Mediterranean islands of Elba, Sardinia, and Sicily and many lesser islands. Enclaves within mainland Italy are the independent countries of San Marino and Vatican City; the latter is a papal state mostly enclosed by Rome, the capital and largest city of Italy. The area of Italy is 301,302 sq km (116,333 sq mi).  IVORY COAST Côte d'Ivoire (French for "Ivory Coast"), republic in western Africa, bounded on the north by Mali and Burkina Faso (Upper Volta), on the east by Ghana, on the south by the Gulf of Guinea, and on the west by Liberia and Guinea. The country has an area of 322,462 sq km (124,503 sq mi). Yamoussoukro is the official capital, and Abidjan is the de facto capital and largest city. |
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